Dementi A Clinical State Caused By Neurodegeneration Essay

Dementia is a clinical state caused by neurodegeneration and characterized by a loss of function in cognitive domains and behavior. There are several different causes of dementia including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-aging) is prevalent in people of advance age, manifests with distinct neuropathological properties, and can be present with or without other dementia causes and vascular diseases [1]. Although HS-aging is poorly understood, this phenomena may describe a proportion of non-AD dementia [2]. The prevalence of HS-aging pathology ranges from 5 to 30% in older people [3-6]. HS-aging is generally diagnosed postmortem by the presence of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43). The clinical signs and symptoms of HS-aging are similar to those of AD with amnestic memory deficits [7, 8]. Because of the overlapping symptomology, HS-aging is often clinically misdiagnosed as AD [7-9]. AD is characterized by accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles [10], while HS-aging is pathologically characterized by neuronal loss with gliosis in the subiculum and Cornu Ammonis area 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus, which can occur unilaterally or bilaterally [6, 7]. Genetic risk factors for HS-aging have been recently identified. Unlike AD, the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype is not a risk factor for HS-aging [11]. Potassium channel subfamily M regulatory